/*
 * This file is part of PowerDNS or dnsdist.
 * Copyright -- PowerDNS.COM B.V. and its contributors
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * In addition, for the avoidance of any doubt, permission is granted to
 * link this program with OpenSSL and to (re)distribute the binaries
 * produced as the result of such linking.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */
#include "dnsdist-nghttp2-in.hh"

#if defined(HAVE_DNS_OVER_HTTPS) && defined(HAVE_NGHTTP2)

#include "dnsdist-dnsparser.hh"
#include "dnsdist-doh-common.hh"
#include "dnsdist-proxy-protocol.hh"
#include "dnsparser.hh"

#if 0
class IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext : public CrossProtocolContext
{
public:
  IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext(IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery&& query, std::shared_ptr<IncomingHTTP2Connection> connection, IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID streamID): CrossProtocolContext(std::move(query.d_buffer)), d_connection(connection), d_query(std::move(query))
  {
  }

  std::optional<std::string> getHTTPPath() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_path;
  }

  std::optional<std::string> getHTTPScheme() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_scheme;
  }

  std::optional<std::string> getHTTPHost() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_host;
  }

  std::optional<std::string> getHTTPQueryString() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_queryString;
  }

  std::optional<HeadersMap> getHTTPHeaders() const override
  {
    if (!d_query.d_headers) {
      return std::nullopt;
    }
    return *d_query.d_headers;
  }

  void handleResponse(PacketBuffer&& response, InternalQueryState&& state) override
  {
    auto conn = d_connection.lock();
    if (!conn) {
      /* the connection has been closed in the meantime */
      return;
    }
  }

  void handleTimeout() override
  {
    auto conn = d_connection.lock();
    if (!conn) {
      /* the connection has been closed in the meantime */
      return;
    }
  }

  ~IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext() override
  {
  }

private:
  std::weak_ptr<IncomingHTTP2Connection> d_connection;
  IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery d_query;
  IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID d_streamID{-1};
};
#endif

class IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext : public DOHUnitInterface
{
public:
  IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext(IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery&& query, const std::shared_ptr<IncomingHTTP2Connection>& connection, IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID streamID) :
    d_connection(connection), d_query(std::move(query)), d_streamID(streamID)
  {
  }
  IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext(const IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext&) = delete;
  IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext(IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext&&) = delete;
  IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext& operator=(const IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext&) = delete;
  IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext& operator=(IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext&&) = delete;

  ~IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext() override = default;

  [[nodiscard]] std::string getHTTPPath() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_path;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] const std::string& getHTTPScheme() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_scheme;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] const std::string& getHTTPHost() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_host;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] std::string getHTTPQueryString() const override
  {
    return d_query.d_queryString;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] const HeadersMap& getHTTPHeaders() const override
  {
    if (!d_query.d_headers) {
      static const HeadersMap empty{};
      return empty;
    }
    return *d_query.d_headers;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] std::shared_ptr<TCPQuerySender> getQuerySender() const override
  {
    return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TCPQuerySender>(d_connection.lock());
  }

  void setHTTPResponse(uint16_t statusCode, PacketBuffer&& body, const std::string& contentType = "") override
  {
    d_query.d_statusCode = statusCode;
    d_query.d_response = std::move(body);
    d_query.d_contentTypeOut = contentType;
  }

  void handleUDPResponse(PacketBuffer&& response, InternalQueryState&& state, const std::shared_ptr<DownstreamState>& downstream_) override
  {
    std::unique_ptr<DOHUnitInterface> unit(this);
    auto conn = d_connection.lock();
    if (!conn) {
      /* the connection has been closed in the meantime */
      return;
    }

    state.du = std::move(unit);
    TCPResponse resp(std::move(response), std::move(state), nullptr, nullptr);
    resp.d_ds = downstream_;
    struct timeval now{};
    gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
    conn->handleResponse(now, std::move(resp));
  }

  void handleTimeout() override
  {
    std::unique_ptr<DOHUnitInterface> unit(this);
    auto conn = d_connection.lock();
    if (!conn) {
      /* the connection has been closed in the meantime */
      return;
    }
    struct timeval now{};
    gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
    TCPResponse resp;
    resp.d_idstate.d_streamID = d_streamID;
    conn->notifyIOError(now, std::move(resp));
  }

  std::weak_ptr<IncomingHTTP2Connection> d_connection;
  IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery d_query;
  IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID d_streamID{-1};
};

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleResponse(const struct timeval& now, TCPResponse&& response)
{
  if (std::this_thread::get_id() != d_creatorThreadID) {
    handleCrossProtocolResponse(now, std::move(response));
    return;
  }

  auto& state = response.d_idstate;
  if (state.forwardedOverUDP) {
    const auto origID = state.origID;
    dnsheader_aligned responseDH(response.d_buffer.data());

    if (responseDH->tc && state.d_packet && state.d_packet->size() > state.d_proxyProtocolPayloadSize && state.d_packet->size() - state.d_proxyProtocolPayloadSize > sizeof(dnsheader)) {
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Response received from backend %s via UDP, for query %d received from %s via DoH, is truncated, retrying over TCP", response.d_ds->getNameWithAddr(), state.d_streamID, state.origRemote.toStringWithPort()),
                  getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Truncated response received from backend via UDP, retrying over TCP", "backend.name", Logging::Loggable(response.d_ds->getName()), "backend.address", Logging::Loggable(response.d_ds->d_config.remote), "dns.query.id", Logging::Loggable(ntohs(origID))));
      auto& query = *state.d_packet;
      dnsdist::PacketMangling::editDNSHeaderFromRawPacket(&query.at(state.d_proxyProtocolPayloadSize), [origID](dnsheader& header) {
        /* restoring the original ID */
        header.id = origID;
        return true;
      });

      state.forwardedOverUDP = false;
      bool proxyProtocolPayloadAdded = state.d_proxyProtocolPayloadSize > 0;
      auto cpq = getCrossProtocolQuery(std::move(query), std::move(state), response.d_ds);
      /* 'd_packet' buffer moved by InternalQuery constructor, need re-association */
      cpq->query.d_idstate.d_packet = std::make_unique<PacketBuffer>(cpq->query.d_buffer);
      cpq->query.d_proxyProtocolPayloadAdded = proxyProtocolPayloadAdded;
      if (g_tcpclientthreads && g_tcpclientthreads->passCrossProtocolQueryToThread(std::move(cpq))) {
        return;
      }
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Unable to pass DoH query to a TCP worker thread after getting a TC response over UDP"),
                  getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Unable to pass DoH query to a TCP worker thread after getting a TC response over UDP", "backend.name", Logging::Loggable(response.d_ds->getName()), "backend.address", Logging::Loggable(response.d_ds->d_config.remote), "dns.query.id", Logging::Loggable(ntohs(origID))));
      notifyIOError(now, std::move(response));
      return;
    }
  }

  IncomingTCPConnectionState::handleResponse(now, std::move(response));
}

std::unique_ptr<DOHUnitInterface> IncomingHTTP2Connection::getDOHUnit(uint32_t streamID)
{
  if (streamID > std::numeric_limits<IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID>::max()) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid stream ID while retrieving DoH unit");
  }

  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-narrowing-conversions): generic interface between DNS and DoH with different types
  auto query = std::move(d_currentStreams.at(static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID>(streamID)));
  return std::make_unique<IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext>(std::move(query), std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection>(shared_from_this()), streamID);
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::restoreDOHUnit(std::unique_ptr<DOHUnitInterface>&& unit)
{
  auto context = std::unique_ptr<IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext>(dynamic_cast<IncomingDoHCrossProtocolContext*>(unit.release()));
  if (context) {
    d_currentStreams.at(context->d_streamID) = std::move(context->d_query);
  }
}

IncomingHTTP2Connection::IncomingHTTP2Connection(ConnectionInfo&& connectionInfo, TCPClientThreadData& threadData, const struct timeval& now) :
  IncomingTCPConnectionState(std::move(connectionInfo), threadData, now)
{
  nghttp2_session_callbacks* cbs = nullptr;
  if (nghttp2_session_callbacks_new(&cbs) != 0) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create a callback object for a new incoming HTTP/2 session");
  }
  std::unique_ptr<nghttp2_session_callbacks, void (*)(nghttp2_session_callbacks*)> callbacks(cbs, nghttp2_session_callbacks_del);
  cbs = nullptr;

  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_send_callback(callbacks.get(), send_callback);
  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_recv_callback(callbacks.get(), on_frame_recv_callback);
  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_stream_close_callback(callbacks.get(), on_stream_close_callback);
  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_begin_headers_callback(callbacks.get(), on_begin_headers_callback);
  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_header_callback(callbacks.get(), on_header_callback);
  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_data_chunk_recv_callback(callbacks.get(), on_data_chunk_recv_callback);
  nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_error_callback2(callbacks.get(), on_error_callback);

  nghttp2_session* sess = nullptr;
  if (nghttp2_session_server_new(&sess, callbacks.get(), this) != 0) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Could not allocate a new incoming HTTP/2 session");
  }

  d_session = std::unique_ptr<nghttp2_session, decltype(&nghttp2_session_del)>(sess, nghttp2_session_del);
  sess = nullptr;
}

static void addDateHeader(PacketBuffer& out)
{
  static const std::string dateformat("Date: %a, %d %h %Y %T GMT\r\n");
  timebuf_t date_header{};
  struct tm tmval{};
  time_t timestamp = time(nullptr);
  // apparently someone might be crazy enough to change the locale using Lua (why?)
  // so we have to do extra work just in case
  auto* posixLocale = newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, "POSIX", nullptr);
  if (posixLocale == nullptr) {
    return;
  }
  try {
    size_t date_header_written = strftime_l(date_header.data(), date_header.size(), dateformat.data(), gmtime_r(&timestamp, &tmval), posixLocale);

    if (date_header_written > 0 && date_header_written <= date_header.size()) {
      out.insert(out.end(), date_header.begin(), date_header.begin() + date_header_written);
    }
  }
  catch (...) {
  }

  freelocale(posixLocale);
}

bool IncomingHTTP2Connection::checkALPN()
{
  constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 2> h2ALPN{'h', '2'};
  const auto protocols = d_handler.getNextProtocol();
  if (protocols.size() == h2ALPN.size() && memcmp(protocols.data(), h2ALPN.data(), h2ALPN.size()) == 0) {
    return true;
  }

  constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 8> http11ALPN{'h', 't', 't', 'p', '/', '1', '.', '1'};
  if (protocols.size() == http11ALPN.size() && memcmp(protocols.data(), http11ALPN.data(), http11ALPN.size()) == 0) {
    ++d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_http1Stats.d_nbQueries;
  }

  static const std::string data0("HTTP/1.1 505 HTTP Version Not Supported\r\nConnection: Close\r\n");
  d_out.insert(d_out.end(), data0.begin(), data0.end());

  addDateHeader(d_out);

  static const std::string data2("\r\n<html><body>This server implements RFC 8484 - DNS Queries over HTTP, and requires HTTP/2 in accordance with section 5.2 of the RFC.</body></html>\r\n");

  d_out.insert(d_out.end(), data2.begin(), data2.end());
  writeToSocket(false);

  VERBOSESLOG(infolog("DoH connection from %s expected ALPN value 'h2', got '%s'", d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), std::string(protocols.begin(), protocols.end())),
              getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "DoH connection has an unexpected ALPN value", "expected_alpn", Logging::Loggable("h2"), "received_alpn", Logging::Loggable(std::string(protocols.begin(), protocols.end()))));

  return false;
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleConnectionReady()
{
  constexpr std::array<nghttp2_settings_entry, 1> settings{{{NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS, dnsdist::doh::MAX_INCOMING_CONCURRENT_STREAMS}}};
  constexpr std::array<nghttp2_settings_entry, 1> nearLimitsSettings{{{NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS, 1U}}};
  auto ret = nghttp2_submit_settings(d_session.get(), NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE, isNearTCPLimits() ? nearLimitsSettings.data() : settings.data(), isNearTCPLimits() ? nearLimitsSettings.size() : settings.size());
  if (ret != 0) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Fatal error: " + std::string(nghttp2_strerror(ret)));
  }
  d_needFlush = true;

  if (!d_inReadFunction) {
    ret = nghttp2_session_send(d_session.get());
    if (ret != 0) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Fatal error: " + std::string(nghttp2_strerror(ret)));
    }
  }
}

bool IncomingHTTP2Connection::hasPendingWrite() const
{
  return d_pendingWrite;
}

IOState IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleHandshake(const struct timeval& now)
{
  auto iostate = d_handler.tryHandshake();
  if (iostate == IOState::Done) {
    handleHandshakeDone(now);
    if (d_handler.isTLS()) {
      if (!checkALPN()) {
        d_connectionDied = true;
        ++d_ci.cs->tcpBadALPN;
        stopIO();
        return iostate;
      }
    }

    if (d_ci.cs != nullptr && d_ci.cs->d_enableProxyProtocol && !isProxyPayloadOutsideTLS() && expectProxyProtocolFrom(d_ci.remote)) {
      d_state = State::readingProxyProtocolHeader;
      d_buffer.resize(s_proxyProtocolMinimumHeaderSize);
      d_proxyProtocolNeed = s_proxyProtocolMinimumHeaderSize;
    }
    else {
      d_state = State::waitingForQuery;
      handleConnectionReady();
    }
  }
  return iostate;
}

class ReadFunctionGuard
{
public:
  ReadFunctionGuard(bool& inReadFunction) :
    d_inReadFunctionRef(inReadFunction)
  {
    d_inReadFunctionRef = true;
  }
  ReadFunctionGuard(ReadFunctionGuard&&) = delete;
  ReadFunctionGuard(const ReadFunctionGuard&) = delete;
  ReadFunctionGuard& operator=(ReadFunctionGuard&&) = delete;
  ReadFunctionGuard& operator=(const ReadFunctionGuard&) = delete;
  ~ReadFunctionGuard()
  {
    d_inReadFunctionRef = false;
  }

private:
  bool& d_inReadFunctionRef;
};

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleIO()
{
  IOState iostate = IOState::Done;
  struct timeval now{};
  gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);

  try {
    if (maxConnectionDurationReached(dnsdist::configuration::getCurrentRuntimeConfiguration().d_maxTCPConnectionDuration, now)) {
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Terminating DoH connection from %s because it reached the maximum TCP connection duration", d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort()),
                  getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Terminating DoH connection because it reached the maximum TCP connection duration", "max_tcp_connection_duration", Logging::Loggable(dnsdist::configuration::getCurrentRuntimeConfiguration().d_maxTCPConnectionDuration)));
      ++d_ci.cs->tcpMaxDurationReached;
      stopIO();
      d_connectionClosing = true;
      return;
    }

    if (d_state == State::starting) {
      if (d_ci.cs != nullptr && d_ci.cs->dohFrontend != nullptr) {
        ++d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_httpconnects;
      }
      if (d_ci.cs != nullptr && d_ci.cs->d_enableProxyProtocol && isProxyPayloadOutsideTLS() && expectProxyProtocolFrom(d_ci.remote)) {
        d_state = State::readingProxyProtocolHeader;
        d_buffer.resize(s_proxyProtocolMinimumHeaderSize);
        d_proxyProtocolNeed = s_proxyProtocolMinimumHeaderSize;
      }
      else {
        d_state = State::doingHandshake;
      }
    }

    if (d_state == State::doingHandshake) {
      iostate = handleHandshake(now);
      if (d_connectionDied) {
        return;
      }
    }

    if (d_state == State::readingProxyProtocolHeader) {
      auto status = handleProxyProtocolPayload();
      if (status == ProxyProtocolResult::Done) {
        if (isProxyPayloadOutsideTLS()) {
          d_state = State::doingHandshake;
          iostate = handleHandshake(now);
          if (d_connectionDied) {
            return;
          }
        }
        else {
          d_state = State::waitingForQuery;
          handleConnectionReady();
        }
      }
      else if (status == ProxyProtocolResult::Error) {
        ++d_ci.cs->tcpBadProxyProtocol;
        d_connectionDied = true;
        stopIO();
        return;
      }
    }

    if (!d_inReadFunction && active() && !d_connectionClosing && (d_state == State::waitingForQuery || d_state == State::idle)) {
      do {
        iostate = readHTTPData();
      } while (!d_inReadFunction && active() && !d_connectionClosing && iostate == IOState::Done);
    }

    if (!active()) {
      stopIO();
      return;
    }
    /*
      So:
      - if we have a pending write, we need to wait until the socket becomes writable
        and then call handleWritableCallback
      - if we have NeedWrite but no pending write, we need to wait until the socket
        becomes writable but for handleReadableIOCallback
      - if we have NeedRead, or nghttp2_session_want_read, wait until the socket
        becomes readable and call handleReadableIOCallback
    */
    if (iostate == IOState::Async) {
      /* the callback will be ignored in that specific case */
      updateIO(IOState::Async, handleReadableIOCallback);
    }
    else if (hasPendingWrite()) {
      updateIO(IOState::NeedWrite, handleWritableIOCallback);
    }
    else if (iostate == IOState::NeedWrite) {
      updateIO(IOState::NeedWrite, handleReadableIOCallback);
    }
    else if (!d_connectionClosing) {
      if (nghttp2_session_want_read(d_session.get()) != 0) {
        updateIO(IOState::NeedRead, handleReadableIOCallback);
      }
      else {
        if (getConcurrentStreamsCount() == 0) {
          d_connectionDied = true;
          stopIO();
        }
        else {
          updateIO(IOState::Done, handleReadableIOCallback);
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      if (getConcurrentStreamsCount() == 0) {
        d_connectionDied = true;
        stopIO();
      }
      else {
        updateIO(IOState::Done, handleReadableIOCallback);
      }
    }
  }
  catch (const std::exception& e) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Exception when processing IO for incoming DoH connection from %s: %s", d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), e.what()),
                getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, e.what(), "Exception when processing IO for incoming DoH connection"));
    ++d_ci.cs->tcpDiedDuringProcessing;
    d_connectionDied = true;
    stopIO();
  }
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::writeToSocket(bool socketReady)
{
  try {
    d_needFlush = false;
    IOState newState = d_handler.tryWrite(d_out, d_outPos, d_out.size());

    if (newState == IOState::Done) {
      d_pendingWrite = false;
      d_lastIOBlocked = false; // setting this does matter, because it is used in IncomingTCPConnectionState::queueResponse
      d_out.clear();
      d_outPos = 0;
      if (active() && !d_connectionClosing) {
        updateIO(IOState::NeedRead, handleReadableIOCallback);
      }
      else {
        stopIO();
      }
    }
    else {
      updateIO(newState, handleWritableIOCallback);
      d_pendingWrite = true;
    }
  }
  catch (const std::exception& e) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Exception while trying to write (%s) to HTTP client connection to %s: %s", (socketReady ? "ready" : "send"), d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), e.what()),
                getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, e.what(), "Exception while trying to write to DoH client connection", "socket_ready", Logging::Loggable(socketReady ? "ready" : "send")));
    handleIOError(ErrorContext::ErrorWhileWritingToClient);
  }
}

ssize_t IncomingHTTP2Connection::send_callback(nghttp2_session* session, const uint8_t* data, size_t length, int flags, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  (void)flags;
  auto* conn = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);
  if (conn->d_connectionDied) {
    return static_cast<ssize_t>(length);
  }
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic): nghttp2 API
  conn->d_out.insert(conn->d_out.end(), data, data + length);

  if (conn->d_connectionClosing || conn->d_needFlush) {
    conn->writeToSocket(false);
  }

  return static_cast<ssize_t>(length);
}

static const std::array<const std::string, static_cast<size_t>(NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::COUNT)> s_headerConstants{
  "200",
  ":method",
  "POST",
  ":scheme",
  "https",
  ":authority",
  "x-forwarded-for",
  ":path",
  "content-length",
  ":status",
  "location",
  "accept",
  "application/dns-message",
  "cache-control",
  "content-type",
  "application/dns-message",
  "user-agent",
  "nghttp2-" NGHTTP2_VERSION "/dnsdist",
  "x-forwarded-port",
  "x-forwarded-proto",
  "dns-over-udp",
  "dns-over-tcp",
  "dns-over-tls",
  "dns-over-http",
  "dns-over-https"};

static const std::string s_authorityHeaderName(":authority");
static const std::string s_pathHeaderName(":path");
static const std::string s_methodHeaderName(":method");
static const std::string s_schemeHeaderName(":scheme");
static const std::string s_xForwardedForHeaderName("x-forwarded-for");

static void addHeader(std::vector<nghttp2_nv>& headers, const std::string_view& name, bool nameIsStatic, const std::string_view& value, bool valueIsStatic)
{
  /* Be careful when setting NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_COPY_NAME or NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_COPY_VALUE, the corresponding name or value needs to exist until after nghttp2_session_send() has been called, not just nghttp2_submit_response(). */
  uint8_t flag{NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NONE};
  if (nameIsStatic) {
    flag |= NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_COPY_NAME;
  }
  if (valueIsStatic) {
    flag |= NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_COPY_VALUE;
  }

  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast): nghttp2 API
  headers.push_back({const_cast<uint8_t*>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(name.data())), const_cast<uint8_t*>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(value.data())), name.size(), value.size(), flag});
}

void NGHTTP2Headers::addStaticHeader(std::vector<nghttp2_nv>& headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes nameKey, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes valueKey)
{
  const auto& name = s_headerConstants.at(static_cast<size_t>(nameKey));
  const auto& value = s_headerConstants.at(static_cast<size_t>(valueKey));

  addHeader(headers, name, true, value, true);
}

void NGHTTP2Headers::addCustomDynamicHeader(std::vector<nghttp2_nv>& headers, const std::string& name, const std::string_view& value)
{
  addHeader(headers, name, false, value, false);
}

void NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(std::vector<nghttp2_nv>& headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes nameKey, const std::string_view& value)
{
  const auto& name = s_headerConstants.at(static_cast<size_t>(nameKey));
  addHeader(headers, name, true, value, false);
}

std::unordered_map<IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID, IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery>::iterator IncomingHTTP2Connection::getStreamContext(StreamID streamID)
{
  auto streamIt = d_currentStreams.find(streamID);
  if (streamIt == d_currentStreams.end()) {
    /* it might have been closed by the remote end in the meantime */
    d_killedStreams.erase(streamID);
  }
  return streamIt;
}

IOState IncomingHTTP2Connection::sendResponse(const struct timeval& now, TCPResponse&& response)
{
  (void)now;
  if (response.d_idstate.d_streamID == -1) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid DoH stream ID while sending response");
  }
  auto streamIt = getStreamContext(response.d_idstate.d_streamID);
  if (streamIt == d_currentStreams.end()) {
    /* it might have been closed by the remote end in the meantime */
    return hasPendingWrite() ? IOState::NeedWrite : IOState::Done;
  }
  auto& context = streamIt->second;

  uint32_t statusCode = 200U;
  std::string contentType;
  bool sendContentType = true;
  auto& responseBuffer = context.d_buffer;
  if (context.d_statusCode != 0) {
    responseBuffer = std::move(context.d_response);
    statusCode = context.d_statusCode;
    contentType = std::move(context.d_contentTypeOut);
  }
  else {
    responseBuffer = std::move(response.d_buffer);
  }

  auto sent = responseBuffer.size();
  sendResponse(response.d_idstate.d_streamID, context, statusCode, d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_customResponseHeaders, contentType, sendContentType);
  handleResponseSent(response, sent);

  return hasPendingWrite() ? IOState::NeedWrite : IOState::Done;
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::notifyIOError(const struct timeval& now, TCPResponse&& response)
{
  if (std::this_thread::get_id() != d_creatorThreadID) {
    /* empty buffer will signal an IO error */
    response.d_buffer.clear();
    handleCrossProtocolResponse(now, std::move(response));
    return;
  }

  if (response.d_idstate.d_streamID == -1) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid DoH stream ID while handling I/O error notification");
  }

  auto streamIt = getStreamContext(response.d_idstate.d_streamID);
  if (streamIt == d_currentStreams.end()) {
    /* it might have been closed by the remote end in the meantime */
    return;
  }
  auto& context = streamIt->second;
  context.d_buffer = std::move(response.d_buffer);
  sendResponse(response.d_idstate.d_streamID, context, 502, d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_customResponseHeaders);
}

bool IncomingHTTP2Connection::sendResponse(IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID streamID, IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery& context, uint16_t responseCode, const HeadersMap& customResponseHeaders, const std::string& contentType, bool addContentType)
{
  /* if data_prd is not NULL, it provides data which will be sent in subsequent DATA frames. In this case, a method that allows request message bodies (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4) must be specified with :method key (e.g. POST). This function does not take ownership of the data_prd. The function copies the members of the data_prd. If data_prd is NULL, HEADERS have END_STREAM set.
   */
  nghttp2_data_provider data_provider;

  data_provider.source.ptr = this;
  data_provider.read_callback = [](nghttp2_session*, IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID stream_id, uint8_t* buf, size_t length, uint32_t* data_flags, nghttp2_data_source* source, void* cb_data) -> ssize_t {
    (void)source;
    auto* connection = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(cb_data);
    auto& obj = connection->d_currentStreams.at(stream_id);
    size_t toCopy = 0;
    if (obj.d_queryPos < obj.d_buffer.size()) {
      size_t remaining = obj.d_buffer.size() - obj.d_queryPos;
      toCopy = length > remaining ? remaining : length;
      memcpy(buf, &obj.d_buffer.at(obj.d_queryPos), toCopy);
      obj.d_queryPos += toCopy;
    }

    if (obj.d_queryPos >= obj.d_buffer.size()) {
      *data_flags |= NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_EOF;
      obj.d_buffer.clear();
      connection->d_needFlush = true;
    }
    return static_cast<ssize_t>(toCopy);
  };

  const auto& dohFrontend = d_ci.cs->dohFrontend;
  auto& responseBody = context.d_buffer;

  std::vector<nghttp2_nv> headers;
  std::string responseCodeStr;
  std::string cacheControlValue;
  std::string location;
  /* remember that dynamic header values should be kept alive
     until we have called nghttp2_submit_response(), at least */
  /* status, content-type, cache-control, content-length */
  headers.reserve(4);

  if (responseCode == 200) {
    NGHTTP2Headers::addStaticHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::STATUS_NAME, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::OK_200_VALUE);
    ++dohFrontend->d_validresponses;
    ++dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nb200Responses;

    if (addContentType) {
      if (contentType.empty()) {
        NGHTTP2Headers::addStaticHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CONTENT_TYPE_NAME, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CONTENT_TYPE_VALUE);
      }
      else {
        NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CONTENT_TYPE_NAME, contentType);
      }
    }

    if (dohFrontend->d_sendCacheControlHeaders && responseBody.size() > sizeof(dnsheader)) {
      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast): API
      uint32_t minTTL = getDNSPacketMinTTL(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(responseBody.data()), responseBody.size());
      if (minTTL != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
        cacheControlValue = "max-age=" + std::to_string(minTTL);
        NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CACHE_CONTROL_NAME, cacheControlValue);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    responseCodeStr = std::to_string(responseCode);
    NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::STATUS_NAME, responseCodeStr);

    if (responseCode >= 300 && responseCode < 400) {
      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
      location = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(responseBody.data()), responseBody.size());
      NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CONTENT_TYPE_NAME, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
      NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::LOCATION_NAME, location);
      static const std::string s_redirectStart{"<!DOCTYPE html><TITLE>Moved</TITLE><P>The document has moved <A HREF=\""};
      static const std::string s_redirectEnd{"\">here</A>"};
      responseBody.reserve(s_redirectStart.size() + responseBody.size() + s_redirectEnd.size());
      responseBody.insert(responseBody.begin(), s_redirectStart.begin(), s_redirectStart.end());
      responseBody.insert(responseBody.end(), s_redirectEnd.begin(), s_redirectEnd.end());
      ++dohFrontend->d_redirectresponses;
    }
    else {
      ++dohFrontend->d_errorresponses;
      switch (responseCode) {
      case 400:
        ++dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nb400Responses;
        break;
      case 403:
        ++dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nb403Responses;
        break;
      case 500:
        ++dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nb500Responses;
        break;
      case 502:
        ++dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nb502Responses;
        break;
      default:
        ++dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nbOtherResponses;
        break;
      }

      if (!responseBody.empty()) {
        NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CONTENT_TYPE_NAME, "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
      }
      else {
        static const std::string invalid{"invalid DNS query"};
        static const std::string notAllowed{"dns query not allowed"};
        static const std::string noDownstream{"no downstream server available"};
        static const std::string internalServerError{"Internal Server Error"};

        switch (responseCode) {
        case 400:
          responseBody.insert(responseBody.begin(), invalid.begin(), invalid.end());
          break;
        case 403:
          responseBody.insert(responseBody.begin(), notAllowed.begin(), notAllowed.end());
          break;
        case 502:
          responseBody.insert(responseBody.begin(), noDownstream.begin(), noDownstream.end());
          break;
        case 500:
          /* fall-through */
        default:
          responseBody.insert(responseBody.begin(), internalServerError.begin(), internalServerError.end());
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  const std::string contentLength = std::to_string(responseBody.size());
  NGHTTP2Headers::addDynamicHeader(headers, NGHTTP2Headers::HeaderConstantIndexes::CONTENT_LENGTH_NAME, contentLength);

  for (const auto& [key, value] : customResponseHeaders) {
    NGHTTP2Headers::addCustomDynamicHeader(headers, key, value);
  }

  context.d_sendingResponse = true;
  auto ret = nghttp2_submit_response(d_session.get(), streamID, headers.data(), headers.size(), &data_provider);
  if (ret != 0) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Error submitting HTTP response for stream %d: %s", streamID, nghttp2_strerror(ret)),
                getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, nghttp2_strerror(ret), "Error submitting HTTP response", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(streamID)));
    d_currentStreams.erase(streamID);
    return false;
  }

  if (!d_inReadFunction) {
    ret = nghttp2_session_send(d_session.get());
    if (ret != 0) {
      d_currentStreams.erase(streamID);
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Error flushing HTTP response for stream %d: %s", streamID, nghttp2_strerror(ret)),
                  getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, nghttp2_strerror(ret), "Error flushing HTTP response", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(streamID)));
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

static std::optional<ComboAddress> processForwardedForHeader(std::shared_ptr<const Logr::Logger> logger, const std::unique_ptr<HeadersMap>& headers, const ComboAddress& remote)
{
  std::optional<ComboAddress> result{std::nullopt};
  if (!headers) {
    return result;
  }

  auto headerIt = headers->find(s_xForwardedForHeaderName);
  if (headerIt == headers->end()) {
    return result;
  }

  std::string_view value = headerIt->second;
  try {
    auto pos = value.rfind(',');
    if (pos != std::string_view::npos) {
      ++pos;
      for (; pos < value.size() && value[pos] == ' '; ++pos) {
      }

      if (pos < value.size()) {
        value = value.substr(pos);
      }
    }
    result.emplace(std::string(value));
  }
  catch (const std::exception& e) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Invalid X-Forwarded-For header ('%s') received from %s : %s", std::string(value), remote.toStringWithPort(), e.what()),
                logger->error(Logr::Info, e.what(), "Invalid X-Forwarded-For header received", "http.request.header.x-forwarded-for", Logging::Loggable(value)));
  }
  catch (const PDNSException& e) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Invalid X-Forwarded-For header ('%s') received from %s : %s", std::string(value), remote.toStringWithPort(), e.reason),
                logger->error(Logr::Info, e.reason, "Invalid X-Forwarded-For header received", "http.request.header.x-forwarded-for", Logging::Loggable(value)));
  }
  return result;
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleIncomingQuery(IncomingHTTP2Connection::PendingQuery&& query, IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID streamID)
{
  const auto handleImmediateResponse = [this, &query, streamID](uint16_t code, const std::string& reason, PacketBuffer&& response = PacketBuffer()) {
    if (response.empty()) {
      query.d_buffer.clear();
      query.d_buffer.insert(query.d_buffer.begin(), reason.begin(), reason.end());
    }
    else {
      query.d_buffer = std::move(response);
    }
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Sending an immediate %d response to incoming DoH query: %s", code, reason),
                getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Sending an immediate HTTP response to incoming DoH query", "http.response.status_code", Logging::Loggable(code), "reason", Logging::Loggable(reason), "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(streamID)));
    sendResponse(streamID, query, code, d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_customResponseHeaders);
  };

  if (query.d_method == PendingQuery::Method::Unknown || query.d_method == PendingQuery::Method::Unsupported) {
    handleImmediateResponse(400, "DoH query not allowed because of unsupported HTTP method");
    return;
  }

  ++d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_http2Stats.d_nbQueries;

  if (d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_trustForwardedForHeader) {
    auto xForwardedForRemote = processForwardedForHeader(dnsdist::logging::doVerboseLogging() ? getLogger() : std::shared_ptr<const Logr::Logger>(), query.d_headers, d_ci.remote);
    if (xForwardedForRemote) {
      d_proxiedRemote = std::move(*xForwardedForRemote);
    }
    else {
      d_proxiedRemote = d_ci.remote;
    }

    /* second ACL lookup based on the updated address */
    if (!dnsdist::configuration::getCurrentRuntimeConfiguration().d_ACL.match(d_proxiedRemote)) {
      ++dnsdist::metrics::g_stats.aclDrops;
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Query from %s (%s) (DoH) dropped because of ACL", d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), d_proxiedRemote.toStringWithPort()),
                  getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Dropping DoH query because of ACL"));
      handleImmediateResponse(403, "DoH query not allowed because of ACL");
      return;
    }

    if (!d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_keepIncomingHeaders) {
      query.d_headers.reset();
    }
  }
  else if (!d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_earlyACLDrop) {
    /* ONLY ACL lookup because the early check was skipped  */
    if (!dnsdist::configuration::getCurrentRuntimeConfiguration().d_ACL.match(d_proxiedRemote)) {
      ++dnsdist::metrics::g_stats.aclDrops;
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Query from %s (%s) (DoH) dropped because of ACL", d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), d_proxiedRemote.toStringWithPort()),
                  getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Dropping DoH query because of ACL"));
      handleImmediateResponse(403, "DoH query not allowed because of ACL");
      return;
    }
  }

  if (d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_exactPathMatching) {
    if (d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_urls.count(query.d_path) == 0) {
      handleImmediateResponse(404, "there is no endpoint configured for this path");
      return;
    }
  }
  else {
    bool found = false;
    for (const auto& path : d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_urls) {
      if (boost::starts_with(query.d_path, path)) {
        found = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!found) {
      handleImmediateResponse(404, "there is no endpoint configured for this path");
      return;
    }
  }

  /* the responses map can be updated at runtime, so we need to take a copy of
     the shared pointer, increasing the reference counter */
  auto responsesMap = d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_responsesMap;
  if (responsesMap) {
    for (const auto& entry : *responsesMap) {
      if (entry->matches(query.d_path)) {
        const auto& customHeaders = entry->getHeaders();
        query.d_buffer = entry->getContent();
        if (entry->getStatusCode() >= 400 && !query.d_buffer.empty()) {
          // legacy trailing 0 from the h2o era
          query.d_buffer.pop_back();
        }

        sendResponse(streamID, query, entry->getStatusCode(), customHeaders ? *customHeaders : d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_customResponseHeaders, std::string(), false);
        return;
      }
    }
  }

  if (query.d_buffer.empty() && query.d_method == PendingQuery::Method::Get && !query.d_queryString.empty()) {
    auto payload = dnsdist::doh::getPayloadFromPath(query.d_queryString);
    if (payload) {
      query.d_buffer = std::move(*payload);
    }
    else {
      ++d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_badrequests;
      handleImmediateResponse(400, "DoH unable to decode BASE64-URL");
      return;
    }
  }

  if (query.d_method == PendingQuery::Method::Get) {
    ++d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_getqueries;
  }
  else if (query.d_method == PendingQuery::Method::Post) {
    ++d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_postqueries;
  }

  try {
    struct timeval now{};
    gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
    auto processingResult = handleQuery(std::move(query.d_buffer), now, streamID);

    switch (processingResult) {
    case QueryProcessingResult::TooSmall:
      handleImmediateResponse(400, "DoH non-compliant query");
      break;
    case QueryProcessingResult::InvalidHeaders:
      handleImmediateResponse(400, "DoH invalid headers");
      break;
    case QueryProcessingResult::Dropped:
      handleImmediateResponse(403, "DoH dropped query");
      break;
    case QueryProcessingResult::NoBackend:
      handleImmediateResponse(502, "DoH no backend available");
      return;
    case QueryProcessingResult::Forwarded:
    case QueryProcessingResult::Asynchronous:
    case QueryProcessingResult::SelfAnswered:
      break;
    }
  }
  catch (const std::exception& e) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Exception while processing DoH query: %s", e.what()),
                getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, e.what(), "Exception while processing DoH query"));
    handleImmediateResponse(400, "DoH non-compliant query");
    return;
  }
}

int IncomingHTTP2Connection::on_frame_recv_callback(nghttp2_session* session, const nghttp2_frame* frame, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  auto* conn = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);
  /* is this the last frame for this stream? */
  if ((frame->hd.type == NGHTTP2_HEADERS || frame->hd.type == NGHTTP2_DATA) && (frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM) != 0) {
    auto streamID = frame->hd.stream_id;
    auto stream = conn->getStreamContext(streamID);
    if (stream != conn->d_currentStreams.end()) {
      conn->handleIncomingQuery(std::move(stream->second), streamID);
    }
    else {
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Stream %d NOT FOUND", streamID),
                  conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "DoH stream not found while processing HTTP/2 frame", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(streamID)));
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }
  }
  else if (frame->hd.type == NGHTTP2_PING) {
    conn->d_needFlush = true;
  }

  return 0;
}

int IncomingHTTP2Connection::on_stream_close_callback(nghttp2_session* session, IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID stream_id, uint32_t error_code, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  (void)error_code;
  auto* conn = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);

  auto streamIt = conn->d_currentStreams.find(stream_id);
  if (streamIt == conn->d_currentStreams.end()) {
    return 0;
  }

  if (!streamIt->second.d_sendingResponse) {
    conn->d_killedStreams.emplace(stream_id);
  }

  conn->d_currentStreams.erase(streamIt);
  return 0;
}

int IncomingHTTP2Connection::on_begin_headers_callback(nghttp2_session* session, const nghttp2_frame* frame, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  if (frame->hd.type != NGHTTP2_HEADERS || frame->headers.cat != NGHTTP2_HCAT_REQUEST) {
    return 0;
  }

  auto* conn = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);
  auto close_connection = [](IncomingHTTP2Connection* connection) -> int {
    connection->d_connectionClosing = true;
    connection->d_needFlush = true;
    nghttp2_session_terminate_session(connection->d_session.get(), NGHTTP2_REFUSED_STREAM);
    return 0;
  };

  if (conn->getConcurrentStreamsCount() >= dnsdist::doh::MAX_INCOMING_CONCURRENT_STREAMS) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Too many concurrent streams on connection from %s", conn->d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort()),
                conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Too many concurrent streams on DoH connection", "streams_count", Logging::Loggable(conn->getConcurrentStreamsCount())));
    return close_connection(conn);
  }

  auto insertPair = conn->d_currentStreams.emplace(frame->hd.stream_id, PendingQuery());
  if (!insertPair.second) {
    /* there is a stream ID collision, something is very wrong! */
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Stream ID collision (%d) on connection from %s", frame->hd.stream_id, conn->d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort()),
                conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Stream ID collision on DoH connection", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(frame->hd.stream_id)));
    return close_connection(conn);
  }

  return 0;
}

static std::string::size_type getLengthOfPathWithoutParameters(const std::string_view& path)
{
  auto pos = path.find('?');
  if (pos == string::npos) {
    return path.size();
  }

  return pos;
}

int IncomingHTTP2Connection::on_header_callback(nghttp2_session* session, const nghttp2_frame* frame, const uint8_t* name, size_t nameLen, const uint8_t* value, size_t valuelen, uint8_t flags, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  (void)flags;
  auto* conn = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);

  if (frame->hd.type == NGHTTP2_HEADERS && frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_REQUEST) {
    if (nghttp2_check_header_name(name, nameLen) == 0) {
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Invalid header name"),
                  conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Invalid header name on DoH connection"));
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }

#if defined(HAVE_NGHTTP2_CHECK_HEADER_VALUE_RFC9113)
    if (nghttp2_check_header_value_rfc9113(value, valuelen) == 0) {
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Invalid header value"),
                  conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Invalid header value on DoH connection"));
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }
#endif /* HAVE_NGHTTP2_CHECK_HEADER_VALUE_RFC9113 */

    auto headerMatches = [name, nameLen](const std::string& expected) -> bool {
      return nameLen == expected.size() && memcmp(name, expected.data(), expected.size()) == 0;
    };

    auto stream = conn->getStreamContext(frame->hd.stream_id);
    if (stream == conn->d_currentStreams.end()) {
      VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Unable to match the stream ID %d to a known one!", frame->hd.stream_id),
                  conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Unable to match the stream ID on DoH connection", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(frame->hd.stream_id)));
      return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
    }
    auto& query = stream->second;
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast): nghttp2 API
    auto valueView = std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), valuelen);
    if (headerMatches(s_pathHeaderName)) {
#if defined(HAVE_NGHTTP2_CHECK_PATH)
      if (nghttp2_check_path(value, valuelen) == 0) {
        VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Invalid path value"),
                    conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Invalid path value on DoH connection", "http.path", Logging::Loggable(valueView)));
        return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
      }
#endif /* HAVE_NGHTTP2_CHECK_PATH */

      auto pathLen = getLengthOfPathWithoutParameters(valueView);
      query.d_path = valueView.substr(0, pathLen);
      if (pathLen < valueView.size()) {
        query.d_queryString = valueView.substr(pathLen);
      }
    }
    else if (headerMatches(s_authorityHeaderName)) {
      query.d_host = valueView;
    }
    else if (headerMatches(s_schemeHeaderName)) {
      query.d_scheme = valueView;
    }
    else if (headerMatches(s_methodHeaderName)) {
#if defined(HAVE_NGHTTP2_CHECK_METHOD)
      if (nghttp2_check_method(value, valuelen) == 0) {
        VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Invalid method value"),
                    conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Invalid method value on DoH connection"));
        return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
      }
#endif /* HAVE_NGHTTP2_CHECK_METHOD */

      if (valueView == "GET") {
        query.d_method = PendingQuery::Method::Get;
      }
      else if (valueView == "POST") {
        query.d_method = PendingQuery::Method::Post;
      }
      else {
        query.d_method = PendingQuery::Method::Unsupported;
        VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Unsupported method value"),
                    conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Unsupported method on DoH connection"));
        return 0;
      }
    }

    if (conn->d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_keepIncomingHeaders || (conn->d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_trustForwardedForHeader && headerMatches(s_xForwardedForHeaderName))) {
      if (!query.d_headers) {
        query.d_headers = std::make_unique<HeadersMap>();
      }
      if (query.d_headers->size() >= dnsdist::doh::MAX_INCOMING_HTTP_HEADERS) {
        /* be nice but not too nice */
        VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Too many incoming DoH headers"),
                    conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Too many incoming DoH headers"));
        return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
      }
      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast): nghttp2 API
      query.d_headers->insert({std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name), nameLen), std::string(valueView)});
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

int IncomingHTTP2Connection::on_data_chunk_recv_callback(nghttp2_session* session, uint8_t flags, IncomingHTTP2Connection::StreamID stream_id, const uint8_t* data, size_t len, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  (void)flags;
  auto* conn = static_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);
  auto stream = conn->getStreamContext(stream_id);
  if (stream == conn->d_currentStreams.end()) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Unable to match the stream ID %d to a known one!", stream_id),
                conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Unable to match stream ID on DoH connection", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(stream_id)));
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
  }
  if (len > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max() || (std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max() - stream->second.d_buffer.size()) < len) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Data frame of size %d is too large for a DNS query (we already have %d)", len, stream->second.d_buffer.size()),
                conn->getLogger()->info(Logr::Info, "Data frame is too large for a DNS query", "http.stream_id", Logging::Loggable(stream_id), "frame_size", Logging::Loggable(len), "existing_payload_size", Logging::Loggable(stream->second.d_buffer.size())));
    return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
  }

  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic): nghttp2 API
  stream->second.d_buffer.insert(stream->second.d_buffer.end(), data, data + len);

  return 0;
}

int IncomingHTTP2Connection::on_error_callback(nghttp2_session* session, int lib_error_code, const char* msg, size_t len, void* user_data)
{
  (void)session;
  const auto* conn = static_cast<const IncomingHTTP2Connection*>(user_data);

  VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Error in HTTP/2 connection from %s: %s (%d)", conn->d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), std::string(msg, len), lib_error_code),
              conn->getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, std::string(msg, len), "Error on DoH connection", "nghttp2.error_code", Logging::Loggable(lib_error_code)));

  /* nothing to do except logging here, the library will take
     care of closing the offending stream if possible, or the whole
     connection if needed. */
  return 0;
}

IOState IncomingHTTP2Connection::readHTTPData()
{
  if (d_inReadFunction) {
    return IOState::Done;
  }
  ReadFunctionGuard readGuard(d_inReadFunction);

  IOState newState = IOState::Done;
  size_t got = 0;
  if (d_in.size() < s_initialReceiveBufferSize) {
    d_in.resize(std::max(s_initialReceiveBufferSize, d_in.capacity()));
  }
  try {
    newState = d_handler.tryRead(d_in, got, d_in.size(), true);
    d_in.resize(got);

    if (got > 0) {
      /* we got something */
      d_lastIOBlocked = false; // setting this does matter, because it is used in IncomingTCPConnectionState::queueResponse
      auto readlen = nghttp2_session_mem_recv(d_session.get(), d_in.data(), d_in.size());
      /* as long as we don't require a pause by returning nghttp2_error.NGHTTP2_ERR_PAUSE from a CB,
         all data should be consumed before returning */
      if (readlen < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(readlen) < d_in.size()) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Fatal error while passing received data to nghttp2: " + std::string(nghttp2_strerror((int)readlen)));
      }

      auto sendCode = nghttp2_session_send(d_session.get());
      if (sendCode != 0) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Fatal error while flushing HTTP data: " + std::string(nghttp2_strerror(static_cast<int>(sendCode))));
      }
    }
  }
  catch (const std::exception& e) {
    VERBOSESLOG(infolog("Exception while trying to read from HTTP client connection to %s: %s", d_ci.remote.toStringWithPort(), e.what()),
                getLogger()->error(Logr::Info, e.what(), "Exception while trying to read from DoH client connection"));
    handleIOError(ErrorContext::ErrorWhileReadingFromClient);
    return IOState::Done;
  }
  return newState;
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleReadableIOCallback([[maybe_unused]] int descriptor, FDMultiplexer::funcparam_t& param)
{
  auto conn = boost::any_cast<std::shared_ptr<IncomingHTTP2Connection>>(param);
  conn->handleIO();
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleWritableIOCallback([[maybe_unused]] int descriptor, FDMultiplexer::funcparam_t& param)
{
  auto conn = boost::any_cast<std::shared_ptr<IncomingHTTP2Connection>>(param);
  conn->writeToSocket(true);
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::stopIO()
{
  if (d_ioState) {
    d_ioState->reset();
  }
  waitUntilAsyncOperationsAreDone();
}

uint32_t IncomingHTTP2Connection::getConcurrentStreamsCount() const
{
  return d_currentStreams.size() + d_killedStreams.size();
}

std::optional<struct timeval> IncomingHTTP2Connection::getIdleClientReadTTD(struct timeval now) const
{
  const auto& currentConfig = dnsdist::configuration::getCurrentRuntimeConfiguration();
  auto idleTimeout = d_ci.cs->dohFrontend->d_idleTimeout;
  if (currentConfig.d_maxTCPConnectionDuration == 0 && idleTimeout == 0) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  if (currentConfig.d_maxTCPConnectionDuration > 0) {
    auto elapsed = now.tv_sec - d_connectionStartTime.tv_sec;
    if (elapsed < 0 || (static_cast<size_t>(elapsed) >= currentConfig.d_maxTCPConnectionDuration)) {
      return now;
    }
    auto remaining = currentConfig.d_maxTCPConnectionDuration - elapsed;
    if (idleTimeout == 0 || remaining <= static_cast<size_t>(idleTimeout)) {
      now.tv_sec += static_cast<time_t>(remaining);
      return now;
    }
  }

  now.tv_sec += idleTimeout;
  return now;
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::updateIO(IOState newState, const timeval& now)
{
  (void)now;
  updateIO(newState, newState == IOState::NeedWrite ? handleWritableIOCallback : handleReadableIOCallback);
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::updateIO(IOState newState, const FDMultiplexer::callbackfunc_t& callback)
{
  std::optional<struct timeval> ttd{std::nullopt};

  if (newState == IOState::Async) {
    auto shared = shared_from_this();
    updateIOForAsync(shared);
    return;
  }

  auto shared = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IncomingHTTP2Connection>(shared_from_this());
  if (!shared || !d_ioState) {
    return;
  }

  timeval now{};
  gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);

  if (newState == IOState::NeedRead) {
    /* use the idle TTL if the handshake has been completed (and proxy protocol payload received, if any),
       and we have processed at least one query, otherwise we use the shorter read TTL  */
    if ((d_state == State::waitingForQuery || d_state == State::idle) && (d_queriesCount > 0 || d_currentQueriesCount > 0)) {
      ttd = getIdleClientReadTTD(now);
    }
    else {
      ttd = getClientReadTTD(now);
    }
    d_ioState->update(newState, callback, shared, ttd);
  }
  else if (newState == IOState::NeedWrite) {
    ttd = getClientWriteTTD(now);
    d_ioState->update(newState, callback, shared, ttd);
  }
  else if (newState == IOState::Done) {
    d_ioState->reset();
  }
}

void IncomingHTTP2Connection::handleIOError(ErrorContext context)
{
  if (context == ErrorContext::ErrorWhileReadingFromClient) {
    ++d_ci.cs->tcpDiedReadingQuery;
  }
  else if (context == ErrorContext::ErrorWhileWritingToClient) {
    ++d_ci.cs->tcpDiedSendingResponse;
  }
  else {
    ++d_ci.cs->tcpDiedDuringProcessing;
  }

  d_connectionDied = true;
  d_out.clear();
  d_outPos = 0;
  nghttp2_session_terminate_session(d_session.get(), NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
  d_currentStreams.clear();
  d_killedStreams.clear();
  stopIO();
}

bool IncomingHTTP2Connection::active() const
{
  return !d_connectionDied && d_ioState != nullptr;
}

#endif /* HAVE_DNS_OVER_HTTPS && HAVE_NGHTTP2 */
