# Credits and Acknowledgments

PostGIS is built and sustained by a worldwide community. This chapter records the people, organizations, funders, and upstream projects that have contributed code, documentation, infrastructure, testing, support, and funding.

## Project Steering Committee

The PostGIS Project Steering Committee (PSC) coordinates the general direction, release cycles, documentation, and outreach efforts for the PostGIS project. In addition the PSC provides general user support, accepts and approves patches from the general PostGIS community and votes on miscellaneous issues involving PostGIS such as developer commit access, new PSC members or significant API changes.

Regina Obe

- CI and website maintenance, Windows production and experimental builds, documentation, alignment of PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases, X3D support, management functions.

Darafei Praliaskouski

- Index improvements, bug fixing and geometry/geography function improvements, SFCGAL, raster, GitHub curation, and ci maintenance.

Paul Ramsey (Chair)

- Co-founder of PostGIS project. General bug fixing, geography support, geography and geometry index support (2D, 3D, nD index and anything spatial index), underlying geometry internal structures, GEOS functionality integration and alignment with GEOS releases, alignment of PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases, loader/dumper, and Shapefile GUI loader.

Sandro Santilli

- Bug fixes and maintenance, ci maintenance, git mirror management, management functions, integration of new GEOS functionality and alignment with GEOS releases, topology support, and raster framework and low level API functions.

## Core Contributors Present

Nicklas Avén

- Distance function enhancements (including 3D distance and relationship functions) and additions, Tiny WKB (TWKB) output format and general user support

Loïc Bartoletti

- SFCGAL enhancements and maintenance and ci support

Dan Baston

- Geometry clustering function additions, other geometry algorithm enhancements, GEOS enhancements and general user support

Martin Davis

- GEOS enhancements and documentation

Björn Harrtell

- MapBox Vector Tile, GeoBuf, and Flatgeobuf functions. Gitea testing and GitLab experimentation.

Aliaksandr Kalenik

- Geometry Processing, PostgreSQL gist, general bug fixing

Laurențiu Nicola

- Bug fixes, maintenance, stability, and performance

## Core Contributors Past

Raúl Marín Rodríguez

- Prior PSC Member, MVT support, Bug fixing, Performance and stability improvements, GitHub curation, alignment of PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases

Bborie Park

- Prior PSC Member. Raster development, integration with GDAL, raster loader, user support, general bug fixing, testing on various OS (Slackware, Mac, Windows, and more)

Mark Cave-Ayland

- Prior PSC Member. Coordinated bug fixing and maintenance effort, spatial index selectivity and binding, loader/dumper, and Shapefile GUI Loader, integration of new and new function enhancements.

Jorge Arévalo

- Raster development, GDAL driver support, loader

Olivier Courtin

- (Emeritus) Input/output XML (KML,GML)/GeoJSON functions, 3D support and bug fixes.

Chris Hodgson

- Prior PSC Member. General development, site and buildbot maintenance, OSGeo incubation management

Mateusz Loskot

- CMake support for PostGIS, built original raster loader in python and low level raster API functions

Kevin Neufeld

- Prior PSC Member. Documentation and documentation support tools, buildbot maintenance, advanced user support on PostGIS newsgroup, and PostGIS maintenance function enhancements.

Dave Blasby

- The original developer/Co-founder of PostGIS. Dave wrote the server side objects, index bindings, and many of the server side analytical functions.

Jeff Lounsbury

- Original development of the Shapefile loader/dumper.

Mark Leslie

- Ongoing maintenance and development of core functions. Enhanced curve support. Shapefile GUI loader.

Pierre Racine

- Architect of PostGIS raster implementation. Raster overall architecture, prototyping, programming support

David Zwarg

- Raster development (mostly map algebra analytic functions)

## PostGIS Raster Origins

PostGIS raster discussions date to 2002 and included early PGCHIP experiments. Xing Lin developed the `geotiff2pgraster` PGRaster prototype during Google Summer of Code 2007. The WKT Raster project began in 2008, Jorge Arévalo developed the first GDAL driver prototype during Google Summer of Code 2009, and the 2010 FOSS4G code sprint agreed to make WKT Raster the PostGIS raster type. Raster support shipped as part of PostGIS 2.0 in 2012.

The early implementation team included Pierre Racine, Mateusz Loskot, Sandro Santilli, Jorge Arévalo, Bborie Park, David Zwarg, and Regina Obe. Their work established the raster type, loader, GDAL integration, raster/vector operations, map algebra, documentation, and testing that became the current raster subsystem.

Other recorded contributions include Jeff Adams's early sprint work, Qing Liu's raster distance analysis, Maurício Carvalho Mathias de Paulo's QGIS raster plugin and related paper with Lubia Vinhas, and Ignacio Brodin's gvSIG raster plugin and presentation with Jorge Sanz. Bryce L. Nordgren created early raster coverage and seamless-architecture diagrams. Pierre Racine wrote the original raster/vector tutorial and created its walkthrough and early API diagrams.

The historical project planning record credits Steve Cumming and Université Laval with funding Pierre Racine's work from June 2008 through July 2012; Martin Daly and Cadcorp with funding about six months of Mateusz Loskot's work through June 2009; Tyler Erickson and Michigan Tech Research Institute with a $1,200 USD contribution; Miguel Lizondo and Deimos Space with support for about two years of Jorge Arévalo's work through June 2011; and the Center for Vectorborne Diseases at UC Davis with funding Bborie Park's work from March 2010 through July 2012.

## Other Contributors

Individual Contributors

- - @amwps290 (GitHub user)
  - @kannes (GitHub user: Hannes)
  - @sunhm89 (GitHub user)
  - @wewindy (GitHub user: Chen)
  - Adrien Berchet
  - Alex Bodnaru
  - Alex Mayrhofer
  - Andrea Peri
  - Andreas Forø Tollefsen
  - Andreas Neumann
  - Andreas Schild
  - Andrew Gierth
  - Andrew Harvey
  - Anne Ghisla
  - Antoine Bajolet
  - Ariel Mashraki
  - Arno Renevier
  - Arthur Bazin
  - Arthur Lesuisse
  - Artur Zakirov
  - Ayo Adesugba
  - Barbara Phillipot
  - Baris Ergun
  - Bas Couwenberg
  - Ben Jubb
  - Benjamin Morel
  - Bernd Reiß
  - Bernhard Reiter
  - Bill Mill
  - Björn Esser
  - Brian Hamlin
  - Bruce Rindahl
  - Bruno Wolff III
  - Bryce L. Nordgren
  - Carl Anderson
  - Carlos López Quintanilla
  - Charles Karney
  - Charlie Savage
  - Chris Mayo
  - Christian Schroeder
  - Christoph Berg
  - Christoph Moench-Tegeder
  - Dan Faudemer
  - Dan Levy
  - Dane Springmeyer
  - Daniel Nylander
  - Dapeng Wang
  - Daryl Herzmann
  - Dave Fuhry
  - David G. Johnston
  - David Garnier
  - David Skea
  - David Techer
  - Dennis Tighe
  - Denys Kovshun
  - Devrim Gündüz
  - Dian M Fay
  - Dmitry Vasilyev
  - Edouard Choinière
  - Eduin Carrillo
  - Egor Ivkov
  - Eric Ridge
  - Esteban Zimanyi
  - Eugene Antimirov
  - Evan Si
  - Even Rouault
  - Fabrice Fontaine
  - Florentin Drogeanu
  - Florian Weimer
  - François Bonzon
  - Frank Warmerdam
  - George Silva
  - Gerald Fenoy
  - Gino Lucrezi
  - Giovanni Zezza
  - Grant Hutchins
  - Greg Troxel
  - Guillaume Lelarge
  - Giuseppe Broccolo
  - Han Wang
  - Hannes Janetzek
  - Hans Lemuet
  - Haribabu Kommi
  - Harrissou Sant-anna
  - Havard Tveite
  - Ignacio Brodin
  - IIDA Tetsushi
  - Ingvild Nystuen
  - Jackie Leng
  - James Addison
  - James Marca
  - Jan Katins
  - Jan Tojnar
  - Jason Smith
  - Jean Felder
  - Jeff Adams
  - Jelte Fennema
  - Jim Jones
  - Joe Conway
  - Jonne Savolainen
  - Jorge Gustavo Rocha
  - Jorge Sanz
  - Jose Carlos Martinez Llari
  - Jostein Leira
  - Jörg Habenicht
  - Juan Sebastian Jimenez Aldana
  - Juergen E. Fischer
  - Julien Monticolo
  - Julien Rouhaud
  - Kashif Rasul
  - Klaus Foerster
  - Kris Jurka
  - Kristian Thy
  - Lars Aksel Opsahl
  - Laurențiu Nicola
  - Laurenz Albe
  - Lars Roessiger
  - Lauri Kajan
  - Leo Hsu
  - Loic Dachary
  - Louis Descoteaux
  - Luca Delucchi
  - Luca S. Percich
  - Lucas C. Villa Real
  - Ludovic Hirlimann
  - Lubia Vinhas
  - Maksim Korotkov
  - Manuel Morillo
  - Maria Arias de Reyna
  - Marc Ducobu
  - Mark Sondheim
  - Markus Schaber
  - Markus Wanner
  - Matt Amos
  - Matt Bretl
  - Matthias Bay
  - Maurício Carvalho Mathias de Paulo
  - Maxim Kochetkov
  - Maxime Guillaud
  - Maxime van Noppen
  - Maxime Schoemans
  - Megan Ma
  - Mehmet Ince
  - Michael Fuhr
  - Michal Páleník
  - Mike Toews
  - Mitchell Henke
  - Nathan Wagner
  - Nathaniel Clay
  - Nicolas Roelandt
  - Nikita Shulga
  - Nikolai Berkoff
  - Norman Barker
  - Norman Vine
  - Patricia Tozer
  - Paul Norman
  - Paulo Cesar Coronado
  - Pavel Seleznev
  - Pawel Ostrowski
  - Peter Nguyen
  - Pierre Cardinal
  - Qing Liu
  - Rafal Magda
  - Ralph Mason
  - Rémi Cura
  - Richard Greenwood
  - Robert Coup
  - Rodrigo Smarzaro
  - Roger Crew
  - Ron Mayer
  - Sam Peters
  - Sarath Kumar
  - Sergei Shoulbakov
  - Sergey Fedoseev
  - Shinichi Sugiyama
  - Shoaib Burq
  - Silvio Grosso
  - Simon Greener
  - Stefan Corneliu Petrea
  - Steffen Macke
  - Stepan Kuzmin
  - Stephen Frost
  - Stephen Woodbridge
  - Steven Ottens
  - Svyatoslav Bogdanov
  - Talha Rizwan
  - Temuri Doghonadze
  - Teramoto Ikuhiro
  - Thomas Muguet
  - Thomas Petazzoni
  - Tobias Bussmann
  - Tom Glancy
  - Tom van Tilburg
  - Victor Collod
  - Vincent Bre
  - Vincent Mora
  - Vincent Picavet
  - Volf Tomáš
  - Xing Lin
  - Yoichi Kayama
  - Yuri Astrakhan
  - Zuo Chenwei

Corporate Sponsors

- These are corporate entities that have contributed developer time, hosting, or direct monetary funding to the PostGIS project. In alphabetical order:

  - Aiven

  - Arrival 3D

  - Associazione Italiana per l'Informazione Geografica Libera (GFOSS.it)

  - AusVet

  - Avencia

  - Azavea

  - Boundless

  - Cadcorp

  - Camptocamp

  - Carto

  - Crunchy Data

  - City of Boston (DND)

  - City of Helsinki

  - Clever Elephant Solutions

  - Cooperativa Alveo

  - Deimos Space

  - Faunalia

  - Geographic Data BC

  - Google

  - HighGo

  - Hunter Systems Group

  - IITM Pravartak Security Team

  - INIA-CSIC

  - ISciences, LLC

  - Jirotech (formerly LISAsoft)

  - Koordinates

  - Kontur

  - Lidwala Consulting Engineers

  - Logical Tracking & Tracing International AG

  - Maponics

  - Maumap

  - Michigan Tech Research Institute

  - Natural Resources Canada

  - Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute

  - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)

  - OSGeo

  - Oslandia

  - Palantir Technologies

  - Paragon Corporation

  - PlanetScale

  - Postgres Pro

  - R3 GIS

  - Refractions Research

  - Regione Toscana - SITA

  - Safe Software

  - Sirius Corporation plc

  - Stadt Uster

  - UC Davis Center for Vectorborne Diseases

  - Université Laval

  - U.S. Census Bureau

  - U.S. Department of State (HIU)

  - Zonar Systems

Crowd Funding Campaigns

- Crowd funding campaigns are campaigns we run to get badly wanted features funded that can service a large number of people. Each campaign is specifically focused on a particular feature or set of features. Each sponsor chips in a small fraction of the needed funding and with enough people/organizations contributing, we have the funds to pay for the work that will help many. If you have an idea for a feature you think many others would be willing to co-fund, please post to the PostGIS newsgroup your thoughts and together we can make it happen.

  PostGIS has experimented with community fundraising for features in the past. We used PledgeBank and we got two successful campaigns out of it.

  postgistopology - 10 plus sponsors each contributed $250 USD to build toTopoGeometry function and beef up topology support in 2.0.0. It happened.

  postgis64windows - 20 someodd sponsors each contributed $100 USD to pay for the work needed to work out PostGIS 64-bit issues on windows. It happened.

External Libraries and Platforms

- PostgreSQL, the extensible database system on which PostGIS is built. PostgreSQL provides the SQL engine, transactions, query planner, extension framework, and index access methods used by PostGIS.

  The GEOS geometry operations library.

  The PROJ coordinate transformation and geodesic calculation library.

  The GDAL Geospatial Data Abstraction Library used to power much of the raster functionality introduced in PostGIS 2. In kind, improvements needed in GDAL to support PostGIS are contributed back to the GDAL project.

  LibXML2 for XML-based spatial formats, and JSON-C for GeoJSON input.

  The GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) for precision-sensitive topology operations.

  protobuf-c for Mapbox Vector Tile and Geobuf output.

  The iconv API, supplied by the C library or GNU libiconv, for character encoding conversion in the shapefile loader.

  SFCGAL for advanced 2D and 3D functions, together with the CGAL algorithms that SFCGAL exposes.

Bundled Libraries and Source Code

- PostGIS ships selected source from FlatGeobuf and FlatBuffers to support FlatGeobuf input and output.

  Wagyu and Mapbox Geometry provide polygon clipping and validation for Mapbox Vector Tile output.

  Ryu provides round-trip-safe floating-point formatting, and uthash provides in-process hash tables.

  The shapefile loader and dumper include code derived from ShapeLib, originally by Frank Warmerdam and Even Rouault. They also include public-domain `getopt` code from AT&T.

  `liblwgeom/lookup3.c` contains the public-domain `lookup3` hash function by Bob Jenkins.