/* manual_licenses.cpp
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1992-2026 Paul Boersma
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
 * your option) any later version.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this work. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "ManPagesM.h"

void manual_licenses_init (ManPages me);
void manual_licenses_init (ManPages me) {

MAN_PAGES_BEGIN
R"~~~(
################################################################################
"Acknowledgments"
© Paul Boersma 2002,2003,2005–2008,2010–2016,2020–2026

The following people contributed source code to Praat:

, Paul Boersma: user interface, graphics, @printing, @@Intro|sound@,
	@@Intro 3. Spectral analysis|spectral analysis@, @@Intro 4. Pitch analysis|pitch analysis@,
	@@Intro 5. Formant analysis|formant analysis@, @@Intro 6. Intensity analysis|intensity analysis@,
	@@Intro 7. Annotation|annotation@, @@Intro 8. Manipulation|speech manipulation@, @@voice|voice report@,
	@@ExperimentMFC|listening experiments@,
	@@articulatory synthesis@, @@OT learning|optimality-theoretic learning@,
	tables, @formulas, @scripting, and adaptation of PortAudio, GLPK, @@regular expressions@, @eSpeak, Opus, LAME,
	Blake3 and Zlib.
, David Weenink:
	@@feedforward neural networks@, @@principal component analysis@, @@multidimensional scaling@, @@discriminant analysis@, @LPC,
	@@KlattGrid|Acoustic synthesis (Klatt)@, automatic alignment, @VowelEditor, @FormantPath,
	and adaptation of GSL, @LAPACK, fftpack, regular expressions, @eSpeak, Ogg Vorbis, Opus and LAME.
, Anastasia Shchupak: @@transcription with whisper.cpp|automatic speech recognition with word-level timestamps@,
	@@speaker diarization with adapted pyannote.audio|automatic speaker diarization@,
	and adaptation of @@whisper.cpp@, @@Silero VAD@ and @@pyannote.audio@.
, Erez Volk: adaptation of FLAC and MAD.
, Stefan de Konink and Franz Brauße: major help in port to GTK.
, Tom Naughton: major help in port to Cocoa.
, Ola Söder: kNN classifiers, k-means clustering.
, Rafael Laboissière: adaptation of XIPA, audio bug fixes for Linux.
, Darryl Purnell created the first version of audio for Praat for Linux.

We included the following freely available software libraries in Praat (sometimes with adaptations):

, XIPA: IPA font for Unix by Fukui Rei (GPL).
, GSL: GNU Scientific Library by Gerard Jungman and Brian Gough (@@General Public License, version 3|GPL 3@ or later).
, GLPK: GNU Linear Programming Kit by Andrew Makhorin (@@General Public License, version 3|GPL 3@ or later);
	contains AMD software by the same author (@@GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1|LGPL 2.1@ or later).
, PortAudio: Portable Audio Library by Ross Bencina, Phil Burk, Bjorn Roche, Dominic Mazzoni, Darren Gibbs,
	version 19.7.0 of April 2021 (CC-BY-like license).
, @eSpeak(-NG): text-to-speech synthesizer by Jonathan Duddington and Reece Dunn,
	development version 1.52 of August 2023, with language and voice data of 2024-08-24T19:38Z (@@General Public License, version 3|GPL 3@ or later).
, MAD: MPEG Audio Decoder by Underbit Technologies (@@General Public License, version 2|GPL 2@ or later).
, LAME: MP3 encoding by Mike Cheng, Mark Taylor, Takehiro Tominaga, Robert Hegemann, Gabriel Bouvigne, Alexander Leidinger,
	Naoki Shibata, John Dahlstrom, Jonathan Dee, Rogério Brito,
	Frank Klemm, Don Melton, Albert L. Faber, Roberto Amorim, Josep Maria Antolín Segura, Dominique Duvivier,
	Joseph Flynn, Peter Gubanov, Guillaume Lessard, Steve Lhomme, Darin Morrison, Dyle VanderBeek,
	David Robinson, Glen Sawyer, Marcel Muller, Olcios, version 3.100 of October 2017 (@@General Public License, version 2|GPL 2@ or later).
, FLAC: Free Lossless Audio Codec by Josh Coalson and Xiph.Org, version 1.5.0 of February 2025 (@@FLAC BSD 3-clause license@).
, Ogg Vorbis: audio compression by Christopher Montgomery (@@Ogg Vorbis BSD 3-clause license@).
, Opus: audio compression by Jean-Marc Valin, Gregory Maxwell, Christopher Montgomery, Timothy Terriberry,
	Koen Vos, Andrew Allen and others (@@Opus BSD 3-clause license@).
, SILK: audio compression by Skype Limited (@@Skype Limited BSD 3-clause license@).
, fftpack: public-domain Fourier transforms by Paul Swarztrauber, translated to C by Christopher Montgomery.
, @LAPACK: public-domain numeric algorithms by Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley, NAG Ltd.,
	Courant Institute, Argonne National Lab, and Rice University,
	C edition by Peng Du, Keith Seymour and Julie Langdou, version 3.2.1 of June 2009.
, @@Regular expressions@ by Henry Spencer, Mark Edel, Christopher Conrad, Eddy De Greef (@@General Public License, version 2|GPL 2@ or later).
, Unicode Character Database by Unicode Inc., version 16.0 of August 2024 (@@Unicode Inc. license agreement@).
, Quickselect and Median of ninthers, by Andrei Alexandrescu 2016 (@@Boost Software License 1.0@).
, ggml: tensor library for machine learning by Georgi Gerganov and many others, version 0.9.7 (@@ggml and whisper.cpp MIT License|ggml MIT License@)
, @@whisper.cpp@: automatic speech recognition, by Georgi Gerganov and many others, version 1.8.3 (@@ggml and whisper.cpp MIT License|whisper.cpp MIT License@),
	using separately installed Whisper models by OpenAI (@@Whisper OpenAI MIT License@).
, @@Silero VAD@: speech activity detection model by Silero Team, version 6.2.0 of November 2025 (@@Silero VAD MIT License@).
, @@pyannote.audio@: automatic speaker diarization toolkit by Hervé Bredin, version 4.0.4 of February 2026 (@@pyannote.audio MIT License@).
, @WeSpeaker: speaker embedding learning toolkit by WeNet Community, version 1.2.0 of July 2023 (@@WeSpeaker Apache License 2.0@),
	using speaker embedding model trained on VoxCeleb2 speaker recognition dataset by Joon Son Chung, Arsha Nagrani
	and Andrew Zisserman (@@VoxCeleb CC-BY-4.0 license@).
, Blake3: cryptographic hashes by Jack O’Connor, Samuel Neves, Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Zooko (@@CC0 1.0@).
, zlib: compression by Jean-loup Gailly and decompression by Mark Adler (@@Zlib license@), version 1.3.2.1 of 17 February 2026.

Our own parts of the source code of Praat are distributed either under the
@@General Public License, version 2@ or later, or under the @@General Public License, version 3@ or later.
Because of this, combined with the inclusion of the above software written by others,
the whole of Praat is distributed under the @@General Public License, version 3@ or later.

For their financial support during the development of Praat:
, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (1996–1999).
, Nederlandse Taalunie (2006–2008).
, Talkbank project, Carnegie Mellon / Linguistic Data Consortium (2002–2003).
, Stichting Spraaktechnologie (2014–2016).
, Spoken Dutch Corpus (CGN) (1999–2001).
, Laboratorium Experimentele OtoRhinoLaryngologie, KU Leuven.
, DFG-Projekt Dialektintonation, Universität Freiburg.
, Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University.
, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku.
, Linguistics Department, University of Joensuu.
, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris.
, Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University.
, Department of Finnish and General Linguistics, University of Tampere.
, Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Paradissos Amaroussiou.
, Jörg Jescheniak, Universität Leipzig.
, The Linguistics Teaching Laboratory, Ohio State University.
, Linguistics & Cognitive Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH.
, Cornell Phonetics Lab, Ithaca NY.

Finally we thank:
, Ton Wempe and Dirk Jan Vet, for technical support and advice.
, Daniel Hirst and Daniel McCloy, for managing the Praat Users List.
, Rafael Laboissière and Andreas Tille, for maintaining the Debian package.
, Jason Bacon and Adriaan de Groot, for maintaining the FreeBSD port.
, Anna Simmons, for maintaining the Flathub package.
, José Joaquín Atria and Ingmar Steiner, for setting up the source-code repository on GitHub.
, Hundreds of Praat users, for sending suggestions and notifying us of problems and thus helping us to improve Praat.

################################################################################
"License"
© Paul Boersma 2021,2025

Praat is free software distributed under the @@General Public License, version 3@ or higher.
The source code is available on `https://github.com/praat/praat.github.io`.

See @Acknowledgments for details on the licenses of software libraries by others
that are included in Praat.

################################################################################
"Zlib license"
© 1995–2026 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2026

The Praat source code contains a copy of the Zlib library for compression and decompression of files (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the Zlib license text:

`
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

  Jean-loup Gailly        Mark Adler
  jloup@gzip.org          madler@alumni.caltech.edu
`
################################################################################
"ggml and whisper.cpp MIT License"
© 2023–2024 The ggml authors; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2025

The Praat source code contains a copy of the ggml tensor library for machine learning
and whisper.cpp software (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the ggml license text:

`
	MIT License
	Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
	copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
	SOFTWARE.
`
################################################################################
"Whisper OpenAI MIT License"
© 2022 OpenAI; introductory paragraph by Anastasia Shchupak 2025

Praat uses separately installed Whisper speech recognition models by OpenAI (see @Acknowledgments).
whisper.cpp, which is included in Praat, is a C/C++ port of OpenAI's Whisper.
Here is the OpenAI Whisper license text:

`
	MIT License

	Copyright (c) 2022 OpenAI

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
	copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
	SOFTWARE.
`
################################################################################
"Silero VAD MIT License"
© 2020-present Silero Team; introductory paragraph by Anastasia Shchupak 2026

Praat contains an embedded copy of the Silero VAD model for speech activity detection (see @Acknowledgments).
The original model by Silero Team was converted to ggml format and embedded as a C data array.
Here is the Silero VAD license text:

`
	MIT License

	Copyright (c) 2020-present Silero Team

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
	copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
	SOFTWARE.
`
################################################################################
"pyannote.audio MIT License"
© 2020 CNRS; introductory paragraph by Anastasia Shchupak 2026

Praat contains a C++/ggml port of the pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.1 pipeline
from pyannote.audio speaker diarization toolkit (see @Acknowledgments).
The pyannote/segmentation-3.0 segmentation model used by the pipeline was converted
to ggml format and included into Praat.
Here is the pyannote.audio license text:

`
	MIT License

	Copyright (c) 2020 CNRS

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
	copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
	SOFTWARE.
`
################################################################################
"CC0 1.0"
© 2009 Creative Commons; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2026

Praat contains some code that is in the public domain, among which the Blake3 library.
Here is the legal code for CC0 1.0:

`
CC0 1.0 Universal

    CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE
    LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN
    ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS
    INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES
    REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS
    PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
    THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED
    HEREUNDER.

Statement of Purpose

The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer
exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator
and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of
authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work").

Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for
the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and
scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear
of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other
works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever
and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes.
These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free
culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific
works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in
part through the use and efforts of others.

For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any
expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person
associating CC0 with a Work (the "Affirmer"), to the extent that he or she
is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily
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terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the
Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.

1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be
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  i. the right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display,
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iii. publicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or
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 iv. rights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work,
     subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;
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     in a Work;
 vi. database rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the
     European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal
     protection of databases, and under any national implementation
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     directive); and
vii. other similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the
     world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national
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2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention
of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently,
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Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes
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purposes (the "Waiver"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each
member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and
successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to
revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or
equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public
as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.

3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason
be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the
Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into
account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the
extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected
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limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the
"License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was
applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any
reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such
partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder
of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she
will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related
Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of
action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's
express Statement of Purpose.

4. Limitations and Disclaimers.

 a. No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned,
    surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.
 b. Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or
    warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied,
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 c. Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons
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    Work.
 d. Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a
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    this CC0 or use of the Work.
`
################################################################################
"WeSpeaker Apache License 2.0"
© WeNet Community; introductory paragraph by Anastasia Shchupak 2026

Praat contains a C++/ggml port of the ResNet34 architecture with TSTP pooling
from the WeSpeaker speaker embedding learning toolkit (see @Acknowledgments).
This implementation is used for inference on the wespeaker-voxceleb-resnet34-LM
speaker embedding model as a part of the pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.1 pipeline.
The pretrained model weights, redistributed by pyannote.audio in PyTorch format,
were converted to ggml format and embedded into Praat.
These weights are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (see @@VoxCeleb CC-BY-4.0 license@).
Here is the license text of the WeSpeaker speaker embedding learning toolkit:

`
                                 Apache License
                           Version 2.0, January 2004
                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

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################################################################################
"VoxCeleb CC-BY-4.0 license"
© Joon Son Chung, Arsha Nagrani and Andrew Zisserman; introductory paragraph by Anastasia Shchupak 2026

The wespeaker-voxceleb-resnet34-LM speaker embedding model used in Praat was trained
on the VoxCeleb2 Dev dataset (see @Acknowledgments). As stated by the WeSpeaker project
documentation (https://github.com/wenet-e2e/wespeaker/blob/master/docs/pretrained.md),
pretrained models inherit the license of their corresponding datasets.
Here is the VoxCeleb license text:

`
	OXFORD VGG VoxCeleb Dataset

	VoxCeleb1 contains over 100,000 utterances for 1,251 celebrities,
	extracted from videos uploaded to YouTube.
	VoxCeleb2 contains over a million utterances for 6,112 celebrities,
	extracted from videos uploaded to YouTube.

	The speakers span a wide range of different ethnicities, accents, professions and ages.

	We provide YouTube URLs, associated face detections, and timestamps, as
	well as cropped audio segments and cropped face videos from the
	dataset.  The copyright of both the original and cropped versions
	of the videos remains with the original owners.

	The data is covered under a Creative Commons
	Attribution 4.0 International license (Please read the
	license terms here. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

	Downloading this dataset implies agreement to follow the same
	conditions for any modification and/or
	re-distribution of the dataset in any form.

	Additionally any entity using this dataset agrees to the following conditions:

	THIS DATASET IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
	IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
	TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
	PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
	HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
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	NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
	SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


	Please cite [1,2] below if you make use of the dataset.

	[1] J. S. Chung, A. Nagrani, A. Zisserman
	VoxCeleb2: Deep Speaker Recognition
	INTERSPEECH, 2018.

	[2] A. Nagrani, J. S. Chung, A. Zisserman
	VoxCeleb: a large-scale speaker identification dataset
	INTERSPEECH, 2017
`
################################################################################
"FLAC BSD 3-clause license"
© Xiph.org and others 2001–2016; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2021

The Praat source code contains a copy of the FLAC software (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the FLAC license text:
`
	libFLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec library
	Copyright (C) 2001-2009  Josh Coalson
	Copyright (C) 2011-2016  Xiph.Org Foundation

	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	are met:

	- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

	- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

	- Neither the name of the Xiph.org Foundation nor the names of its
	contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
	this software without specific prior written permission.

	THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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	PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
	NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
	SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
`
################################################################################
"Ogg Vorbis BSD 3-clause license"
© Xiph.org 2002–2020; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2020

The Praat source code contains a copy of the Ogg Vorbis software (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the Ogg Vorbis license text:
`
	Copyright (c) 2002-2020 Xiph.org Foundation

	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	are met:

	- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

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	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

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	OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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	LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
`
################################################################################
"Opus BSD 3-clause license"
© Xiph.org and others 2001–2011; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2021

The Praat source code contains a copy of the Opus software (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the Opus license text:
`
	Copyright (c) 2001-2011 Xiph.Org, Skype Limited, Octasic,
	                        Jean-Marc Valin, Timothy B. Terriberry,
	                        CSIRO, Gregory Maxwell, Mark Borgerding,
	                        Erik de Castro Lopo

	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	are met:

	- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

	- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

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	products derived from this software without specific prior written
	permission.

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	``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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	PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
	PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
	NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
	SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

	Opus is subject to the royalty-free patent licenses which are
	specified at:

	Xiph.Org Foundation:
	https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1524/

	Microsoft Corporation:
	https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1914/

	Broadcom Corporation:
	https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1526/
`
################################################################################
"Skype Limited BSD 3-clause license"
© Skype Limited 2006–2011; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2022

The Praat source code contains a copy of the SILK software (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the Skype Limited license text:
`
	Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Skype Limited. All rights reserved.

	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	are met:

	- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
	this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

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	documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

	- Neither the name of Internet Society, IETF or IETF Trust, nor the
	names of specific contributors, may be used to endorse or promote
	products derived from this software without specific prior written
	permission.

	THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
	AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
	IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
	ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
	LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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	SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
	INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
	CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
	ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
	POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
`
################################################################################
"Unicode Inc. license agreement"
© Unicode, Inc. 1991–2022; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2022

The Praat source code contains a copy of the Unicode Character Database,
as well as derived software (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the Unicode Inc. license text:
`
	UNICODE, INC. LICENSE AGREEMENT - DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE

	See Terms of Use <https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html>
	for definitions of Unicode Inc.’s Data Files and Software.

	NOTICE TO USER: Carefully read the following legal agreement.
	BY DOWNLOADING, INSTALLING, COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING UNICODE INC.'S
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	COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE

	Copyright © 1991-2022 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved.
	Distributed under the Terms of Use in https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html.

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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	THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
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`
################################################################################
"Boost Software License 1.0"
© Boost.org; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2025

The Praat source code contains some code that had been distributed
under the Boost Software License (see @Acknowledgments).
Here is the Boost Software License text, version 1.0:
`
Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
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Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
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The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
`

################################################################################
"General Public License, version 2"
© Free Software Foundation 1989,1991; introductory sentence by Paul Boersma 2025

This is the license under which a diminishing fraction of the source code of Praat is distributed
(see @Acknowledgments).
`
	GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

	Version 2, June 1991 

	Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  
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	Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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	INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA
	BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
	FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH
	HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 

	END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

	How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

	If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to
	achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 

	To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to
	most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a
	pointer to where the full notice is found. 

	one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.
	Copyright (C) yyyy  name of author

	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.

	Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 

	If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 

	Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
	Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
	type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
	to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' 
	for details.

	The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public
	License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could
	even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 

	You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright
	disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 

	Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
	interest in the program `Gnomovision'
	(which makes passes at compilers) written 
	by James Hacker.

	signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
	Ty Coon, President of Vice

	This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your
	program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
	the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. 
`
################################################################################
"General Public License, version 3"
© Free Software Foundation 2007; introductory sentence by Paul Boersma 2021

This is the license under which Praat as a whole is distributed (see @Acknowledgments).
`
						GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
						   Version 3, 29 June 2007

	 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
	 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
	 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

								Preamble

	  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
	software and other kinds of works.

	  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
	to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
	the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
	share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
	software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
	GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
	any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
	your programs, too.

	  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
	price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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	  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
	these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
	certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
	you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

	  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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	freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
	or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
	know their rights.

	  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
	(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
	giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

	  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
	that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
	authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
	changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
	authors of previous versions.

	  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
	modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
	can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
	protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
	pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
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	have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
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	stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
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	  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
	States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
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	  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
	modification follow.

						   TERMS AND CONDITIONS

	  0. Definitions.

	  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

	  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
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	  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
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	  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
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	  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
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	  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
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	the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
	menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

	  1. Source Code.

	  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
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	  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
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	  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
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	  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
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	  2. Basic Permissions.

	  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
	copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
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	  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
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	  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

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	  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

	  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
	receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
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	  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
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	  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

	  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
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	terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

		a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
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		b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
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		c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
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	  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
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	  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
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	  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

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	but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
	section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
	combination as such.

	  14. Revised Versions of this License.

	  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
	the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
	be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
	address new problems or concerns.

	  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
	Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
	Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
	option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
	version or of any later version published by the Free Software
	Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
	GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
	by the Free Software Foundation.

	  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
	versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
	public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
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	  Later license versions may give you additional or different
	permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
	author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
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	  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

	  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
	APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
	HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
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	IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
	ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

	  16. Limitation of Liability.

	  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
	WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
	THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
	GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
	USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
	DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
	PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
	EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
	SUCH DAMAGES.

	  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

	  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
	above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
	reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
	an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
	Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
	copy of the Program in return for a fee.

						 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

				How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

	  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
	possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
	free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

	  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
	to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
	state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
	the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

		<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
		Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

		This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
		it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
		the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
		(at your option) any later version.

		This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
		but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
		MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
		GNU General Public License for more details.

		You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
		along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

	Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

	  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
	notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

		<program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
		This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
		This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
		under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

	The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
	parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
	might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".

	  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
	if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
	For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
	<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

	  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
	into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
	may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
	the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
	Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
	<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
`
################################################################################
"GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1"
© Free Software Foundation 1991,1999; introductory paragraph by Paul Boersma 2025

The following is the license for one or more libraries that are included in the Praat source code
(see @Acknowledgments). By using the source code, Praat turns the license of that source code
from LGPL 2.1 to GPL 3 (or later), following Section 3 below.


GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
=================================
Version 2.1, February 1999

`
	Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	<https://fsf.org/>
	Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
	of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

	[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts
	 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
	 the version number 2.1.]
`

Preamble
--------

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.

This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.

To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they have is not the original version, so that the original author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced by others.

Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.

Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non-free programs.

When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the library.

We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special circumstances.

For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.

In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system.

Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modified version of the Library.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run.


TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
---------------------------------------------------------------

##0.# This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License"). Each licensee is addressed as "you".

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(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any application-supplied function or table used by this function must be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square root function must still compute square roots.)

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- ##a)# Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above.
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##8.# You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

##9.# You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it.

##10.# Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

##11.# If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.

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##12.# If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

##13.# The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

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##14.# If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.


NO WARRANTY
-----------

##15.# BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

##16.# IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.


END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
---------------------------

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
----------------------------------------------

If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License).

To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

{;
	\%{one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.}
	Copyright (C) \%{year}  \%{name of author}

	This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
	License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
	version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

	This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
	Lesser General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
	License along with this library; if not, see
	<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
}
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

{;
	Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in
	the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written
	by James Random Hacker.

	\%{signature of Moe Ghoul}, 1 April 1990
	Moe Ghoul, President of Vice
}
That's all there is to it!

################################################################################
"Privacy and security"
© Paul Boersma 2022

Praat is an “isolated” app. You download it from `praat.org`,
then record sounds into Praat (all in RAM) or open a sound file,
then analyse or manipulate that sound. The only way in which your results
are saved to disk (as e.g. a Pitch file, a TextGrid file, or a sound file),
is when you explicitly choose one of the #Save or #Export commands
from Praat’s menus; Praat will not by itself save any data files to disk
or send any information anywhere. When you create a picture in the Picture window,
the only way to move that picture anywhere else is if you save it explicitly
to a picture file (e.g. PNG) or if you Copy–Paste it to e.g. a text editing
app such as e.g. Microsoft Word; Praat will not by itself save any picture to disk
or to the clipboard or send any information anywhere.
Praat will run just fine on your computer if it does not have Internet access,
and in fact Praat cannot even notice whether you are in a network or not.
Praat works entirely stand-alone.

Praat does not call home
========================
When you are using Praat, you can be assured that Praat does not attempt to send any of your data
or pictures or settings to the Praat team.
In fact, Praat never accesses the Internet, not even to @@checking for updates|check for updates@.

No telemetry
============
Praat does not send anything to the Praat team while you are using Praat:
- No surveillance
- No tracking
- No Google Analytics
- In general, no spying or data mining by the Praat team

What does Praat save to disk without asking you?
================================================
Praat will save your preferences to your own disk on your own computer,
in a folder of your own, when you close Praat.
This includes the settings in your Sound window (e.g. your last chosen Pitch range),
so that your Sound windows will look the same after you start Praat up again.
The goal of this is to provide a continuous user experience, and is what you probably expect,
because most apps that you use on your computer work this way.

What we do measure
==================
As mentioned above, Praat does no telemetry, i.e. it does not send us anything while you are using Praat.
We %do% receive some information, though, when %you contact %us. This happens when you download
a new Praat version for your computer. We log the Praat downloads, so that we can potentially count
how often which edition and which version of Praat is downloaded.

Wouldn’t telemetry be useful for the quality of Praat?
======================================================
Companies that use telemetry tend to justify that by arguing that gathering information on how their app is used
is useful for improving the quality of their app (by collecting error messages),
or to know which features are rarely used, so that those features can be removed.

We are skeptical. If we, as Praat developers, have made a programming error,
then we hope that an “assertion” will help solve the issue.
An assertion is a place in our code where Praat will crash if a certain assumption
is not met. A message window will pop up in Praat that says that Praat will crash, together
with the request to send some relevant information by email to us, the developers of Praat.
If you do send this crash information on to us (you can read it, as it is normal English without secrets),
we will then virtually always find out (sometimes with some more help from you,
such as the sound file or script that caused the crash)
what was wrong, and correct the mistake, so that our programming error (“bug”) no longer occurs
in the next version of Praat. We will also build an automatable test that checks, for all future
versions of Praat, that the bug does not reappear. In this way, every Praat version tends to be more stable and correct
than the previous version. We believe that this practice minimizes the problems with Praat sufficiently,
and no automated reporting of error messages and crash messages is necessary.

As for the removal of obsolete features, we are just very conservative.
Typically, file types from the 1980s and 1990s can typically still be opened in the 2020s,
and old Praat scripts should continue to run for at least 15 years after we marked a language feature
as “deprecated” or “obsolete” (and removed it from the manual).
This has not prevented us from also being able to open file types invented in the 2020s
or to have a modern scripting language that supports vectors, matrices and string arrays,
and backward compatibility hardly hampers the continual modernization of Praat.

Praat scripts and plug-ins
==========================
As with R scripts, Python scripts, and quite generally any kinds of scripts from any source,
you should consider Praat scripts written by others, such as plug-ins that you download,
as separate apps with their own privacy and security issues. Use a script or plug-in only
if you completely trust that script or plug-in and its creators.

################################################################################
"Checking for updates"
© Paul Boersma 2022,2024,2025

Updates for Praat are available from `praat.org` or `www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat`.

Your current version (if you are reading this from the manual inside the Praat program,
rather than from the website) is:
{-
	writeInfoLine: appVersion$(), “, from ”, appMonth$(), “ ”, appDay(), “, ”, appYear()
}
Given that we tend to release new Praat versions once or twice a month,
you can probably guess whether it would be worth your while to have a look at `praat.org` or
`www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat` to see what is new, and perhaps download a new version.

Praat improves continually, and old features will almost always continue to work,
so there should never be a reason to continue to work with older versions.

Why no automatic update checking?
=================================
Many apps automatically check for updates when you start them up.
This means that the owners of such an app are capable of recording which users use their app,
which is information that can potentially harm your privacy, for instance when a government
or legal investigation demands that the app owners provide them with access to such information.
The Praat team wants to stay far away from the possibility of such situations occurring,
even if you may be convinced that usage of the Praat program cannot be regarded by anybody
as being anything other than perfectly innocent. For this resason, the Praat program
will never contact the Praat team and, more generally,
will never attempt to access the Internet by itself. For more information, see @@Privacy and security@.

################################################################################
"Reporting a problem"
© Paul Boersma 2022,2025

Anything that you consider incorrect behaviour of Praat (a “bug”) can be reported
to the authors by email (`paul.boersma@uva.nl`). This includes any crashes.

Questions about how to use Praat for your specific cases
can be posed to the Praat Users List (`https://groups.io/g/Praat-Users-List`).
This includes any questions on why your self-written Praat script does something unexpected.

################################################################################
)~~~" MAN_PAGES_END

}

/* End of file manual_licenses.cpp */
